Valence–arousal model:
- Valence: Positive or negative evaluation of an emotion (pleasant/unpleasant)
- Arousal: Level of activation (calm/excited)
Hemispheric asymmetry:
- Left hemisphere (AF3): Associated with positive emotions, approach behavior, and activity
- Right hemisphere (AF4): Associated with negative emotions, avoidance, and caution
Frequency patterns of emotion:
- Alpha activity: Relaxation, calmness
- Beta activity: Active thinking, stress, anxiety
- Beta/alpha ratio: Level of activation/arousal